Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common outpatient infections. The lifetime risk of having a UTI is 50%, and recurrent UTIs (classified as two or more in 6 months, or 3 in a year) are about 5%. Physicians need to differentiate UTI from other diagnoses, such as interstitial cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. There are many antibiotics available for UTI treatment, including some newer agents; however, antimicrobial stewardship remains …